This research report has been published by the NSCPP in order to highlight the importance of early intervention when it comes to abused and neglected babies. According to the report babies are eight times more likely to be killed than any other age group in childhood. And factors such as domestic violence, mental health problems, and drink and drug dependency among parents are known to be important risk factors for abuse and neglect. Two thirds of serious case reviews for infant fatalities or serious cases of abuse involve one or more of these problems. And over half the contacts to the NSPCC Helpline involve concerns about children in families with these issues. The NSPCC’s report shows that in the UK: – 144,000 babies under one are living with a parent who has mental health problems – 109,000 babies have a parent with drug or alcohol problems – 39,000 babies are living in a home where there is domestic violence Support for babies living in homes with these problems needs to be early and effective. The impact of early trauma, abuse or neglect is particularly acute in the first year of life and is linked to negative outcomes such as behavioural problems in childhood; antisocial behaviour in adolescence; and even physical and mental health problems, including heart disease, in adulthood. The NSPCC is calling on the Government to ensure vital services in England (there are separate calls for the devolved administrations) are there when families need them.